ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects of alum ice nanoemulsion on VEGF and TGF-β1 in hypertrophic scar based on Notch signaling pathway.Methods:Totally 144 SD rats were divided into blank control group, model group, triamcinolone acetonide group and alum ice nanoemulsion low-, medium- and high-dose groups according to random number table method, with 24 rats in each group. Except for the blank control group, the rats in other groups were prepared with deep Ⅱ ° burn models. 24 hours after the successful modeling, the model group was given the same amount of normal saline, the rats in alum ice nanoemulsion low-, medium- and high-dose groups were given 8.15, 6.30 and 32.60 mg/ml alum ice nanoemulsion respectively, and the triamcinolone acetonide group was given triamcinolone acetonide twice a day, 0.2 ml each time, for 35 consecutive days. At 14, 21, 28 and 35 d, the collagen fiber surface density was calculated by VG staining. The protein expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Notch1 and Jagged1 were detected by Western Blot. The expressions of Notch1 mRNA and Jagged1 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR.Results:Compared with model group, triamcinolone acetonide and different doses of alum ice nanoemulsion groups could decrease collagen fiber surface density, protein expressions of VEGF, TGF-β1, Notch1, Jagged1 and mRNA expressions of Notch1, Jagged1 in different degrees ( P<0.05). Compared with the triamcinolone acetonide group, the collagen fiber surface density, protein expressions of VEGF, TGF-β1, Notch1 and Jagged1 and mRNA expressions of Notch1, Jagged1 in the alum ice nanoemulsion medium-dosage group decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Alum ice nanoemulsion can inhibit hypertrophic scar formation, and its mechanism is related to down-regulating Notch signal pathway related molecules Notch1, Jagged1 protein and mRNA levels, and then down-regulating VEGF and TGF-β1 protein expressions.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the role of the Notch signaling pathway in regulating neuronal differentiation and sensorimotor ability in a zebrafish model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.@*METHODS@#Zebrafish embryos treated with DMSO or 50 μmol/L DAPT (a Notch signaling pathway inhibitor) were examined for mortality rate, hatching rate, malformation rate, and body length at 15 days post fertilization (dpf). The mRNA expression levels of sox2, neurogenin1 and huc in the treated zebrafish embryos were detected using in situ hybridization and qRT-PCR, and their behavioral responses to strong light and vibration stimulation were observed. The zebrafish embryos were then exposed to DMSO, 1.5% ethanol, DAPT, or both ethanol and DAPT, and the changes in mRNA expression levels of sox2, neurogenin1, huc, and the Notch signaling pathway genes as well as behavioral responses were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#Exposure to 50 μmol/L DAPT significantly increased the mortality rate of 1 dpf zebrafish embryos (P < 0.01), decreased the hatching rate of 2 dpf embryos (P < 0.01), increased the malformation rate of 3 dpf embryos (P < 0.001), and reduced the body length of 15 dpf embryos (P < 0.05). DAPT treatment significantly downregulated sox2 mRNA expression (P < 0.01) and increased neurogenin1 (P < 0.05) and huc (P < 0.01) mRNA expressions in zebrafish embryos. The zebrafish with DAPT treatment exhibited significantly shortened movement distance (P < 0.001) and lowered movement speed (P < 0.05) in response to all the stimulation conditions. Compared with treatment with 1.5% ethanol alone, which obviously upregulated notch1a, her8a and NICD mRNA expressions in zebrafish embryos (P < 0.05), the combined treatment with ethanol and DAPT significantly increased neurogenin1 and huc mRNA expression, decreased sox2 mRNA expression (P < 0.01), and increased the moving distance and moving speed of zebrafish embryos in response to strong light stimulation (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Ethanol exposure causes upregulation of the Notch signaling pathway and impairs neuronal differentiation and sensorimotor ability of zebrafish embryos, and these detrimental effects can be lessened by inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway.
Subject(s)
Animals , Zebrafish , Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases , Dimethyl Sulfoxide , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors , Antineoplastic Agents , Ethanol/adverse effects , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Cuscutae Semen total flavonoids combined with Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablets （TWPT） on ovarian germline stem cells of female physiological mice through neurogenic locus notch homolog （Notch） signaling pathway. MethodSixty female Kunming mice （5 weeks old） were randomly divided into normal group， Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablets low-， high-dose groups （13.65 mg·kg-1·d-1 and 27.3 mg·kg-1·d-1， 1 and 2 times clinical equivalent dose）， Cuscutae Semen total flavonoids low- and high-dose groups （150 mg·kg-1·d-1 and 300 mg·kg-1·d-1）， and combination group （13.65 mg·kg-1·d-1 TWPT and 150 mg·kg-1·d-1 Cuscutae Semen total flavonoids）， with 10 in each group. After 3 weeks of continuous administration， the uterus/brain and ovarian/brain indexes were calculated， and the pathological changes of ovarian tissue were observed under light microscope. The content of estradiol in serum was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to observe the expressions of germline stem cell markers in ovarian epithelium， including mouse vasa homologue （Mvh）， octamer-binding transcription factor 4 （Oct4）， tyrosine-protein kinase receptor （c-kit）， Nanog， Notch signaling pathway molecules， neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 （Notch1）， hes family BHLH transcription factor 1（Hes1）， and jagged canonical Notch ligand 1 （JAG1）. ResultCompared with the normal group， low and high doses of TWPT had no significant effect on the uterus/brain and ovary/brain indexes and the uterus and ovary morphologies of mice， while only the number of atretic follicles was increased （P<0.01）. The expressions of ovarian germline stem cell markers and Notch signaling pathway molecules had a decreasing trend in TWPT low-dose group， while the expressions of Mvh， c-kit， and Nanog were down-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01） and the expressions of Notch1 and Hes1 were also reduced （P<0.01） in TWPT high-dose group. However， the above indexes were increased in Cuscutae Semen total flavonoids low-dose group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the low does of TWPT group， the combination group had a decrease in the increased number of atretic follicles （P<0.01）， an improvement in the down-regulated expressions of Mvh and Nanog （P<0.01）， and an increase in the expressions of Notch1 and Hes1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionOvarian germline stem cells are the source target of the reproductive toxicity of TWPT. Cuscutae Semen total flavonoids participate in the regulation of the germline stem cell pathways to alleviate the reproductive toxicity caused by TWPT， and its mechanism of action may be related to the Notch signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
【Objective】 To explore the effect and mechanism of Fasudil in the treatment of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in mice so as to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical use of Fasudil in treating myocarditis. 【Methods】 Balb/c male mice were used as the research objects, and the EAM mice model was constructed using MyHC-α614-629 polypeptide. Mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured to detect the number of mononuclear cells in mouse spleen. Inflammation infiltration, fibrosis and IL-6 expression in mouse myocardial tissue were detected by HE staining, Masson staining and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The protein expressions of Notch1 and IL-6 were detected by Western blotting. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expressions of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6) as well as key genes of TLRs and NOTCH signaling pathway. 【Results】 EAM mice showed increased HW, decreased BW, increased HW/e-BW, and increased inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis in myocardial tissue. The above-mentioned symptoms or pathological features were improved in EAM mice treated with Fasudil. The analysis showed that the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the myocardial tissue of EAM mice were significantly increased, but only the expression of IL-6 was statistically different after Fasudil treatment compared with the control group. In addition, TLRs signaling pathway might also play an important role in the EAM mice treated with Fasudil. The expressions of IL-6 and Notch1 were consistent, and the expressions of the key genes of NOTCH signaling pathway (Notch1, Hes1 and Jag2) were down-regulated after Fasudil treatment. 【Conclusion】 Fasudil exerts a protective effect on down-regulation of IL-6 expression by inhibiting the NOTCH signaling pathway in EAM mice.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the optimal time interval of multiple short-term hyperthermia in tongue squamous carcinoma Cal-27 cells, and investigate the role of Notch signaling pathway in hyperthermia-induced apoptosis of Cal-27 cells.Methods:Cal-27 cells were placed into a 42℃ incubator for 45 min, and the second hyperthermia was performed at 6 h,12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h later, respectively. Cell proliferation capacity was detected by CCK-8 assay at 0 h, 12 h and 24 h after the end of hyperthermia. After determining the optimal time interval of hyperthermia, multiple cycles of hyperthermia were performed, and the effects of hyperthermia on the proliferation and apoptosis of Cal-27 cells were detected by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The changes in the expression of Notch1, Jagged1 and hairy and enhancer of split homolog-1 (Hes1) mRNA and proteins were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. All data were expressed as mean±SD. Two-group comparison was performed by one-way ANOVA.Results:Hyperthermia at 42℃ for 45 min every 12 h consistently inhibited the proliferation of Cal-27 cells ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, hyperthermia in the experiment group significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of Cal-27 cells after 7 cycles of hyperthermia ( P<0.05), and the expression levels of Notch1, Jagged1 and Hes1 mRNA and proteins in the hyperthermia group were significantly down-regulated (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The optimal time interval of hyperthermia to inhibit the proliferation of tongue squamous cells carcinoma Cal-27 cells is 12 h. Hyperthermia might induce the apoptosis of Cal-27 cells by inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the mechanism of Bufei Yishen formula (BYF) on attenuating cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced airway mucus hypersecretion by regulating Notch signaling pathway.Methods:The human airway epithelial cell 16HBE was cultured in vitro, and the cells in logarithmic growth phase were used for the experiments. ① Intervention condition screening experiment: the 16HBE cells were grouped, methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the effects of different concentrations of CSE (2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%), different concentrations of BYF drug-containing serum (5%, 10%, 20%, 40%), and different concentrations of Notch signal pathway blocker DAPT (5, 10, 20, 40 μmol/L) on cell activity and secretion of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) levels. In addition, a blank control group was set up to screen out the best conditions for preparing CSE-induced cell mucus hypersecretion model and BYF and DAPT intervention. ② Intervention experiment: the 16HBE cells were divided into four groups. The blank control group was not given any treatment; the 16HBE cells were induced by 10% CSE for 24 hours to prepare mucus hypersecretion model in the CSE model group; the cells in the CSE+BYF group and CSE+DAPT group were given 10% BYF or 20 μmol/L DAPT, respectively, for intervention at the same time for 24 hours. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA expressions of MUC5AC, Notch3 and hairy and enhancer of split 1 (HES1) in the cells. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of Notch3 and HES1 in the cells. Results:① Results of the screening experiment of intervention conditions: compared with the blank control group, 10% CSE induction for 24 hours was the best condition for establishing cell mucus hypersecretion model that neither affected cell viability nor increased the secretion of MUC5AC; while 10% BYF and 20 μmol/L DAPT was the optimal intervention condition. ② Intervention experiment results: compared with the blank control group, the mRNA expressions of MUC5AC, Notch3, and HES1 and the protein expressions of Notch3 and HES1 in the CSE model group were significantly increased, indicating that CSE activated Notch3 and HES1 signal activation and induced 16HBE cells to secrete mucus protein. Compared with the CSE model group, BYF and DAPT could significantly down-regulate the mRNA and protein expressions of MUC5AC, Notch3, and HES1 in cells [MUC5AC mRNA (2 -ΔΔCT): 1.03±0.13, 0.96±0.05 vs. 1.35±0.07, Notch3 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCT): 1.10±0.14, 1.10±0.02 vs. 1.31±0.15, HES1 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCT): 1.26±0.10, 1.14±0.15 vs. 1.45±0.08, Notch3 protein (Notch3/GAPDH): 0.10±0.03, 0.16±0.03 vs. 0.31±0.09, HES1 protein (HES1/GAPDH): 0.37±0.06, 0.34±0.08 vs. 0.50±0.05, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion:The mechanism of BYF attenuating mucus hypersecretion of 16HBE cells induced by CSE was associated with the inhibition of Notch signaling pathway activation.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the expression of miR-211-5p in peripheral blood of patients with myelosuppression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer and its effect on Notch signaling pathway by targeting cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) gene Regulation mechanism.Methods:From Jan. 2018 to Jan. 2021, 185 breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy in Linyi People’s Hospital for the first time were included as the research objects. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of miR-211-5p, COX2 gene and Notch signaling pathway related genes (Notch1, Jagged1 and Hes1) . The miR-211-5p mimic, inhibitor, mimic NC, and inhibitor NC were transfected into SD rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and the mRNA expression of miR-10a-3p and COX2 genes was detected by qRT-PCR for 48 hours. Western blot method was used to detect the protein expression levels of Notch signaling pathway related genes.Results:The relative expression of miR-211-5p in patients with severe myelosuppression was 2.41±0.32, which was significantly higher than that in patients with mild myelosuppression (1.53±0.18) ( t=6.385, P<0.001) ; The relative expression of COX2 gene mRNA in patients with severe myelosuppression was 3.64±0.74, which was significantly lower than that in patients with mild myelosuppression (5.37±1.02) ( t=7.469, P<0.001) . In patients with severe myelosuppression, there was a significant negative correlation between miR-211-5p and COX2 gene mRNA levels ( r=-0.694, P=0.006) . The results of the dual luciferase report experiment confirmed that COX2 was the target gene of miR-211-5p. The relative expression of Notch1, Jagged1, and Hes1 mRNA in peripheral blood of patients with severe myelosuppression were 2.35±0.41, 2.76±0.46 and 3.04±0.52, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in patients with mild myelosuppression (4.12±0.63, 4.53±0.58 and 5.12±0.67) ( t=5.367, 6.114 and 6.135, respectively, P<0.001) . After transfecting SD rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with miR-211-5p mimics and inhibitors, the relative expression of miR-211-5p in the mimic group was 3.46±0.49, significantly higher than that in the mimic NC group (2.24±0.32) The relative expression of miR-211-5p in the inhibitor group was (1.28±0.19) and (2.33±0.37) inhibitor NC group ( P<0.001) , while the relative expression of miR-211-5p in the inhibitor group was significantly lower than that in the other three groups ( P<0.001) . The mRNA expression of COX2 gene in mimic group was 2.73±0.36, which was significantly lower than that in mimic NC group (4.05±0.59) , inhibitor group (6.15±0.86) and inhibitor NC group (4.18±0.65) ( P<0.001) , while mRNA expression of COX2 gene in the inhibitor group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups ( P<0.001) . The expression of Notch1, Jagged1, and Hes1 in the inhibitor group was significantly increased, while the expression of Notch1, Jagged1, and Hes1 in the mimic group was significantly decreased. Conclusion:The expression level of miR-211-5p in peripheral blood of severe myelosuppressed patients with breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is significantly increased, and the Notch signaling pathway can be inhibited by targeted down-regulation of COX2 gene expression.
ABSTRACT
Spinal cord injury is a severe central nervous system disease, which will cause a series of complex pathophysiological changes and activate a variety of signaling pathways including Notch signaling. Studies have evidenced that activation of the Notch signaling pathway is not conducive to nerve repair and symptom improvement after spinal cord injury. Its mechanisms include inhibiting neuronal differentiation and axon regeneration, promoting reactive astrocyte proliferation, promoting M1 macrophage polarization and the release of proinflammatory factors, and inhibiting angiogenesis. Therefore, it has become a promising therapeutic strategy to inhibit Notch signal as a target in the treatment of spinal cord injury. In recent years, some researchers have used drugs, cell transplantation or genetic modification to regulate Notch signaling, which can promote the recovery of nerve function after spinal cord injury, thereby providing new treatment strategies for the treatment of spinal cord injury. This article will summarize the mechanism of Notch signaling pathway in spinal cord injury, and at the same time review the research progress in the treatment of spinal cord injury by modulating Notch signaling pathway in recent years, so as to provide new research ideas for further exploring new strategies for spinal cord injury.
Subject(s)
Humans , Axons/metabolism , Cell Transplantation , Nerve Regeneration , Signal Transduction/genetics , Spinal Cord/metabolism , Spinal Cord Injuries/metabolismABSTRACT
@#The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily highly conserved signaling pathway that exists in a wide variety of tissue cells and plays an important role in embryonic development, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, as well as in the maintenance of multicellular biosynthesis, angiogenesis, and the development of various cancers. In recent years, it has been found that the Notch signaling pathway is abnormally activated in cataract, uveitis and other ophthalmic diseases, regulating the process of ocular disease development. This article provides a brief review of the regulatory role of the Notch signaling pathway in the development of ophthalmic diseases.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#Hypertrophic scar (HS) is the most common pathological scar in clinical practice. During its formation, angiogenesis-related factors show dynamic expression. Modern studies have found that Notch signaling pathway has an extremely important role in maintaining the construction and remodeling of vascular endothelial cells and vascular network. The correlation between Notch signaling pathway and angiogenesis in hypertrophic scar has been rarely reported. This study aims to investigate correlation between Notch signaling pathway and the expression of angiogenic factors in a proliferative scar model.@*METHODS@#A total of 81 Sprague Dawley rats (SPF grade) were randomly assigned into a blank control group, a model group, and a blocker group. In the blocker group, a 2 cm diameter circular scald head was placed on the back of the rats for 10 s at 75 ℃ by using a constant temperature and pressure electrothermal scalding apparatus to form a rat deep II° burn model, and a hyperplastic scar model rat was obtained after natural healing of the wound skin (21 to 23 day epithelialization). A syringe was used to inject a needle from the normal skin around the scar at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 14th days after modeling. The γ-secretase inhibitor was injected locally at 2 mg/kg in a dilution of 0.1 mL at the base of the scar. The rats in the model group was injected with the same amount of saline after modeling; the rats in the blank control group was injected with the same amount of saline. Nine rats in each group was randomly killed by air embolization at the 21st, 28th, and 35th days, respectively. The protein expressions of collagen type I (COL-I) and collagen type III (COL-III) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin 1 (Ang1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were detected by Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Immunohistochemical results showed that, at the 21st,28th, and 35th days, the protein expressions of COL-I and COL-III in the model group were up-regulated compared with the blank control group (all @*CONCLUSIONS@#In the Sprague Dawley rat proliferative scar model, inhibition of Notch signaling pathway could attenuate the expressions of COL-I and COL-III, reduce traumatic scar proliferation, down-regulate the expressions of VEGF, Ang1, TGF-β1, and MMP-2, and inhibit angiogenesis. The expressions of angiogenesis-related factors appeare to be up-regulated during the formation of proliferative scar. When the Notch signaling pathway is inhibited, the up-regulated angiogenic factors show a decreasing trend and the proliferative scar is alleviated, which suggests that Notch signaling pathway may affect the formation of hyperplastic scar by regulating the expression of angiogenic factors.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/pathology , Endothelial Cells , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Signal Transduction , Transforming Growth Factor beta1 , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor AABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects of oxymatrine（OM） on proliferation，migration， and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC） A549 and H1299 cells and to explore the possible mechanism. Method:A549 and H1299 cells were treated by OM of different concentrations（0， 1.0，2.0，4.0，8.0，16.0， 32.0， and 64.0 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup>） and the cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay. Transwell invasion and wound healing assays were applied to determine the effect of OM of different concentrations （8.0，16.0， and 32.0 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup>） on the invasion and migration of A549 and H1299 cells. Western blot was adopted to detect the changes in the expression of proteins related to the Notch signaling pathway after the treatment by OM of different concentrations （8.0，16.0， and 32.0 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup>）. Result:Compared with the control，OM could inhibit the proliferation （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01） and hinder the cell invasion and migration of A549 and H1299 cells （<italic>P</italic><0.01） in a dose-dependent manner. The results of Western blot showed that OM（32.0 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup>） could effectively counteract the expression levels of Notch1 intracellular domain（NICD），transcriptional complex proteins ［TNF-alpha converting enzyme（TACE） and recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless（RBPSUH）］， and Hes family hairy and enhancer of split 1（Hes1） in A549 and H1299 cells. Conclusion:OM was capable of inhibiting the proliferation，migration， and invasion of A549 and H1299 cells and also hindering the expression of proteins related to Notch signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
Notch signaling pathway is a highly conserved signaling pathway in evolution, which would be activated to play a role in apoptosis, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, immune inflammation and others after ischemia. After acupuncture for ischemic stroke, the expression of Notch signaling pathways related factors increase, which may play a role in neurogenesis, ischemic tolerance, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and so on.
ABSTRACT
The Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in cell fate and homeostasis.Various studies have proved that the Notch signaling pathway has strong effects on corneal wound healing and the maintenance of corneal homeostasis.Limbal stem cells inhibit differentiation and proliferation by inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway.Physiologic downregulation promotes cell migration and wound coverage in the early stage of corneal epithelial repair,and physiologic upregulation in the late stage of corneal epithelial repair is related to preventing excessive stratification of corneal epithelial cells and maintaining cell differentiation.Fibrosis is correlated with Notch after corneal stromal injury.The Notch signaling pathway is directly involved in the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by transforming growth factor-β after corneal endothelial injury.In addition,there are interactions between the Notch signaling pathway and 14-3-3 sigma,epidermal growth factor receptor,Sirt6,microRNA,and matrix metalloproteinases in maintaining corneal epithelial homeostasis,corneal epithelial differentiation,corneal stromal excessive inflammatory response,corneal neovascularization,etc.This review summarizes the function of the Notch signaling pathway in corneal wound healing.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of Jieyu No.1(traditional Chinese medicine) on behavior, brain neurotransmitter and hippocampus Notch signaling pathway in post-stroke depression (PSD) rats. METHODS: Sixty Wistar male rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into four groups. The PSD model was prepared by rats in other groups except the normal group. After successful modeling, the rats in the positive control group were intragastrically administered 2.33 mg•kg-1 of fluoxetine hydrochloride solution, Jieyu No.1 prescription group 2 g•kg-1 of Jieyu No.1 prescription liquid, rats in normal group and model group were given equal dose of distilled water, once/d, continuous irrigation Stomach for 8 weeks. The behavioral characterization, neurotransmitter content, Notch protein, Hes protein expression and Notch1 and Hes1 mRNA expression in the brain of each group were observed. The function of Notch signal pathway in hippocampus of each group was detected. RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, the neurological function scores of the model group increased at 1, 4, and 8 weeks after administration; compared with the model group, the positive control group and the Jieyu 1 group were administered 1, 4, and 8 weeks after administration. The neurological function score of rats was decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the normal group, the vertical movement, horizontal movement, and cleaning movements of the model group decreased, and the number of feces and the residence time of the central compartment increased. Compared with the model group, the positive control group and the Jieyu 1 group were larger. The vertical movement, horizontal movement, and cleaning movements of the rats increased, the number of stools and the residence time of the central compartment decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the normal group, the 5-HIAA in the brain tissue of the model group was the contents of NE, 5-HT and DA were decreased. Compared with the model group, the contents of 5-HIAA, NE, 5-HT and DA in the brain of rats in the positive control group and Jieyu No.1 group were increased. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); compared with the normal group, the model group rats increased open time, current amplitude, open probability, and closed time decreased; compared with the model group, positive control group, Jieyu 1 square group rats open time, flow amplitude, open probability increased, reducing the off-time, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Jieyu No.1 can increase the neurotransmitter content in the brain tissue of PSD rats and improve the behavioral behavior. The mechanism may be related to the activation of Notch signaling pathway in rat hippocampus, thus accelerating the recovery of nerve function.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect and mechanism of 6-gingerenol on ulcerative colitis based on TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway related to immune inflammation and Notch signaling pathway related to mucosal repair. METHODS: Forty Kunming mice were randomly divided into the control group (n=10), the model group (n=10), the sulfasalazine group (n=10) and the 6-gingerenol group (n=10). Ulcerative colitis model mice were induced by oral administration of 2% dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) except those in the control group. The mice in the sulfasalazine group and the 6-gingerenol group were given sulfasalazine and 6-gingerenol (ig 100 mg•kg-1) respectively, and mice in the other groups were given normal saline. The serum and colon were isolated after 20-days treatment. The expressions of Hes-1, Math-1, MUC2 and olfm4 proteins in colonic tissues were detected by immunofluorescence. The expression levels of notch-1, Hes-1, Math-1, TLR4, NF-κBp65 mRNA and proteins in colonic tissues were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, the expressions of Notch-1, Hes-1, TLR4 and NF-κB p65 proteins and the relative expressions of mRNA in colon epithelial tissue of mice in sulfasalazine group and 6-gingerenol group were significantly decreased, while the relative expression of mRNA in Math-1 protein was significantly increased, and the contents of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum were significantly decreased. The expression of olfm4 protein was significantly decreased and the expression of MUC2 protein was significantly increased in 6-gingerenol group, but there was no significant change in olfm4 and MUC2 proteins expressions in sulfasalazine group. Compared with sulfasalazine group, the expressions of Notch-1 and Hes-1 proteins and the relative expression of mRNA in colon epithelial tissue in the 6-gingerenol group were significantly decreased, the relative expression of mRNA and protein of Math-1 were significantly increased, the expression of olfm4 protein was significantly decreased, and the expression of MUC2 protein was significantly increased, but the expressions of TLR4 and NF-κBp65 proteins and mRNA, and the TNF-α and IL-1β in serum were not significantly changed in 6-gingerenol group. CONCLUSION: 6-Gingerenol could treat ulcerative colitis though inhibiting intestinal immune inflammation and promoting the repair of damaged colonic mucosa. The mechanism is related to its inhibition on activation of Notch and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To study the effects of chrysophanol on the activa tion of microglia and the expression of inflammatory factors in cerebral ischemia model rats. METHODS ：SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group ， model group and chrysophanol high ，medium，low dose groups [7.88，3.94，1.97 mg/（kg·d）]，with 20 rats in each group （the number was complemented in cases of death or unsuccessful modeling during modeling process ）. Except for sham operation group ， middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established in other groups by improved thread method. After 2 hours of ischemia ， sham operation group and model group were intraperitoneally injected with 1 mL normal saline ，and each administration group was intraperitoneally injected with 1 mL corresponding drug ，once a day ，for 7 consecutive days. After last medication ，the score of neurological impairment was recorded ；cerebral infarction of rats was observed by TTC staining ，and the percentage of cerebral infarction area was calculated. The expression of Iba- 1 positive cells in ischemic penumbra of rats was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The expression of Notch- 1，TNF-α and ICAM-1 in the ischemic penumbra of rats were detected by Western blotting assay. RESULTS ：In sham operation group ，there was no infarction area in the brain tissue ，and the Iba- 1 positive cells in the ischemic penumbra were few and branched. Compared with sham operation group ，the infarction area of cerebral tissue in rats was obvious in model group ； the 052）number of Iba- 1 positive cells in ischemic penumbra were 〔ZQ2017003〕） increased significantly ，and they were in amoeba or round shape；the neurological impairment score ，the percentage of cerebral infarction area ， relative expression of Notch- 1， TNF-α and ICAM-1 protein in ischemic penumbra were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with m odel rats ，the infarction area of cerebral tissue in each dose group of chrysophanol was reduced to different extent ；the number of Iba- 1 positive cells in ischemic penumbra was decreased ；neurological impairment score ，the percentage of cerebral infarction area ，relative expression of Notch- 1，TNF-α and ICAM-1 protein were significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：Chrysophanol has a certain protective effect on the brain tissue of cerebral ischemia model rats ，and can relieve the nerve injury. Its mechanism may be associated with inhibiting the activation of microglia and expression of inflammatory factors mediated by Notch pathway.
ABSTRACT
Notch signaling pathway is a group of trans-membrane proteins that can regulate development and differentiation cells. It is highly conserved in evolution. Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in the early development of the pancreas, and also shows significant activation in the progression of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Rational regulation of Notch signaling pathway may provide a new insight into the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic exocrine diseases. This review focuse on role of Notch signaling pathway in the development and progression of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of the combination of aspirin and nimodipine preconditioning on the prognosis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Eighty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group, aspirin preconditioning group and aspirin + nimodipine preconditioning group, with 20 rats in each group. The model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion was established. The rats in each group were given intragastric administration for 5 days before the model was established, and the drug was administered daily for 5 days. Sham group and model group were given normal saline; Aspirin preconditioning group was given 50 mg/kg aspirin; Aspirin + nimodipine preconditioning group was given 50 mg/kg aspirin and 10 mg/kg nimodipine. After 2 hours ischemia and 24 hours reperfusion, the animals were neurologically assessed, and then the volume of cerebral infarction was measured by TTC staining. The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), thromboxane B2, 6-keto-prostaglandin-la in brain tissue were determined by ELISA. The mRNA expression of Notch 1, Jagged 1 and Hesl in the brain tissues were detected by Real-time PCR, and the expressions of Jaggedl and Hesl, a downstream substance in Notch signaling pathway, were detected by Western blotting. Results The neurological deficit score of the aspirin+nimodipine pretreatment group was significantly lower than model group (P<0. 05) , and the cerebral infarction volume was significantly smaller than other groups. The SOD and 6-keto-prostaglandin 1 in the aspirin pretreatment group and the aspirin plus nimodipine pretreatment group were significantly higher than those in the model group, and the expressions of MDA, thromboxane B2 and thromboxane B2/6-keto-prostaglandin 1 were low. In the model group, the changes in the aspirin + nimodipine pretreatment group were more significant (P<0. 05). The expression levels of Notch 1 , Jagged 1 and Hesl mRNA and protein in the aspirin pretreatment group and aspirin + nimodipine pretreatment group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0. 05) , and the expression level of aspirin + nimodipine pretreatment group was lower than that of aspirin pretreatment group (P<0. 05). Conclusion The protective effect of aspirin plus nimodipine is superior to aspirin alone, which can significantly improve cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, which may be exerted through influencing notch signaling pathway to achieve brain tissue protection.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the mechanism of inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway in promoting neural regeneration after neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation in rats with cerebral ischemia. Methods The model of focal cerebral ischemia was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method . NSCs were cultured in vitro and transplanted into the striatum ischemic area. In the experiment, 40 SD rats were divided into sham operation group, model group, transplantation group (transplanted neural stem cells), and N-[N-(3, 5-difluorohenacetyl )-L-alanyl ]-S-phenylglycinet-butyl ester( DAPT) + transplantation group. The degree of neuronal damage in each group was observed by HE staining. The expressions of Notchl, Hesl and Hes5 in the brain tissue of each group were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Compared with the sham operation group, the neuron injury in the model group was severe, and nuclear pyknosis and nuclear lysis were observed. The Notchl, Hesl and Hes5 positive cells increased significantly, and the expression of Notchl, Hesl and Hes5 proteins were significantly up-regulated (P<0. 05). Compared with the model group, the neuronal damage in the transplantation group and the DAPT+ transplantation group were all relieved, and the Notchl, Hesl and Hes5 positive cells were partially expressed, and the expression of each protein decreased (P<0. 05). The DAPT+ transplantation group neurons were compared. The damage was obviously restored, and the expression of protein-positive cells and protein further decreased (P<0. 05). Conclusion Inhibition of Notch signaling pathway can promote nerve regeneration after neural stem cell transplantation in rats with cerebral ischemia. The mechanism is mainly related to down-regulation of Notch 1 , Hesl and Hes5 expression.
ABSTRACT
The Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in cell fate and homeostasis.Various studies have proved that the Notch signaling pathway has strong effects on corneal wound healing and the maintenance of corneal homeostasis.Limbal stem cells inhibit differentiation and proliferation by inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway.Physiologic downregulation promotes cell migration and wound coverage in the early stage of corneal epithelial repair, and physiologic upregulation in the late stage of corneal epithelial repair is related to preventing excessive stratification of corneal epithelial cells and maintaining cell differentiation.Fibrosis is correlated with Notch after corneal stromal injury.The Notch signaling pathway is directly involved in the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by transforming growth factor-β after corneal endothelial injury.In addition, there are interactions between the Notch signaling pathway and 14-3-3 sigma, epidermal growth factor receptor, Sirt6, microRNA, and matrix metalloproteinases in maintaining corneal epithelial homeostasis, corneal epithelial differentiation, corneal stromal excessive inflammatory response, corneal neovascularization, etc.This review summarizes the function of the Notch signaling pathway in corneal wound healing.